The PReCePT programme to increase the use of magnesium sulphate, a £1 injection that helps prevent cerebral palsy in premature babies, has been found effective according to an evaluation by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). The findings, led by researchers at the University of Bristol, are published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood.
Premature birth is the main cause of brain injury and cerebral palsy in babies. Evidence shows that babies can be protected from brain injury by giving magnesium sulphate to women who are at risk of premature birth. This reduces the risk of cerebral palsy by a third. However, in 2017 only 64% of eligible women were being given magnesium sulphate in England, Scotland and Wales.
The Prevention of Cerebral Palsy in PreTerm Labour (PReCePT) programme aimed to support all maternity units in England to increase the use of magnesium sulphate in premature births. The PReCePT approach was developed in the West of England in 2014. It was led by the West of England AHSN and University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust.
It was then piloted in five NHS trusts in the West of England, and this pilot was evaluated by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West). It has since been rolled out across England via the AHSN Network as a national programme.
The evaluation of the national programme, also led by NIHR ARC West, found that PReCePT was both effective and cost-effective. The researchers looked at data from the UK National Neonatal Research Database for the year before and year after PReCePT was implemented in maternity units in England.
While use of magnesium sulphate had been increasing before, the study showed that PReCePT was able to accelerate uptake. It increased by 6.3 percentage points on average across all maternity units in England during the first year, over and above the increase that would be expected over time as the practice spread organically. After also adjusting for variations in when maternity units started the programme, the increase in use of magnesium sulphate was 9.5 percentage points. By May 2020, on average 86.4% of eligible mothers were receiving magnesium sulphate.
The researchers also estimated that the programme’s first year could be associated with a lifetime saving to society of £3 million. This accounts for the costs of the programme, administering the treatment and of cerebral palsy to society over a lifetime, and the associated health gains of avoiding cases. This is across all the extra babies the programme helped get access to the treatment during the first year.
In the five West of England pilot sites, the improved use of magnesium sulphate has been sustained over the years since PReCePT was implemented. As the programme costs were mostly in the first year of implementation, longer-term national analysis may show that PReCePT is even more cost-effective over a longer period.
Natasha Swinscoe, Chief Executive for the West of England AHSN and National Lead for Patient Safety for the AHSN Network, said:
“We’ve been delighted to support the development of PReCePT from its inception at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston to its spread to all five hospital trusts in the West of England, and then leading the national rollout through the AHSN Network.
“We are incredibly proud of what the perinatal community has achieved through this programme, and the difference it is making to the lives of so many premature babies and their families.”
John Macleod, NIHR ARC West Director, Professor in Clinical Epidemiology and Primary Care at the University of Bristol and principal investigator of the evaluation, said:
“Our in-depth analysis has been able to demonstrate that the PReCePT programme is both effective and cost-effective. The programme has increased uptake of magnesium sulphate, which we know is a cost-effective medicine to prevent cerebral palsy, much more quickly than we could have otherwise expected. We are pleased to have played a part in helping get this cheap yet effective treatment to more babies.”
This evaluation is part of a long-term collaboration between PReCePT’s chief investigator Professor Karen Luyt, NIHR ARC West and the West of England AHSN on the use of magnesium sulphate to prevent cerebral palsy in premature babies.
Karen Luyt, Professor in Neonatal Medicine at the University of Bristol, said:
“The PReCePT national quality improvement programme demonstrates that a collaborative and coordinated, AHSN-delivered, perinatal implementation programme supporting every hospital in England can accelerate the uptake of new evidence-based treatments into routine practice, enabling equitable health benefits to babies and ultimately reductions in lifetime societal costs.”
Professor Lucy Chappell, Chief Executive Officer of the National Institute for Health and Care Research, said:
“This important study shows the impact of taking a promising intervention that had been shown to work in a research setting and scaling it up across the country. Giving magnesium sulphate to prevent cerebral palsy in premature babies is a simple, inexpensive intervention that can make such a difference to families and the health service. We look forward to seeing ongoing use of magnesium sulphate across our maternity units so that these benefits continue.”
Minister of State for Health Will Quince said:
“This study proves this simple, cost-effective injection can protect babies as well as potentially saving society up to £3 million. Thanks to our leading research in this space, this has already been rolled out nationally and it is vital all eligible women are offered magnesium sulphate.
“It’s so important to progress research in areas like this and I encourage researchers with innovative ideas to apply for funding through the National Institute for Health and Care Research.
“More widely, I am committed to ensuring all people living with cerebral palsy can fulfil their potential throughout their life – that’s why we’ve set out principles to guide the transition of young people with cerebral palsy into adulthood in health, social care and education systems.”
Case study – Elly’s story
Elly Salisbury was one of the first mothers to receive magnesium sulphate during preterm labour to reduce the chances of her babies developing cerebral palsy. Elly has been involved with PReCePT as a public contributor, helping to shape how the programme is communicated with parents in her situation. Read her story here.
Posted on January 10, 2023
